Continuing a brief look at the events and persons listed in
Billy Joel’s “We Didn’t Start the Fire”.
Each two lines represent a year.
1954, continued . . .
Joseph Stalin, Malenkov, Nasser and Prokofiev
Rockefeller, Campanella, Communist Bloc
Roy Cohn, Juan
Peron, Toscanini, dacron
Dien
Bien Phu falls, "Rock Around the Clock"
Einstein, James Dean, Brooklyn's got a winning team
Davy Crockett, Peter Pan, Elvis Presley, Disneyland
Bardot, Budapest, Alabama, Krushchev
Princess Grace, "Peyton Place", trouble in the
Suez
Juan Peron:
Juan Perón (1895 – 1974) was an Argentine Army general and
politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister
of Labor and Vice President, he was elected President of Argentina three times,
serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown in a coup
d'état, and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974.
During his first presidential term (1946–52), Perón was
supported by his second wife, Eva Duarte ("Evita", as in Don’t Cry
For Me, Argentina).
Juan and Eva Peron 1952
Juan Peron, 1946
They were immensely popular among the Argentine working
class. Eva died in 1952, and Perón was elected to a second term, serving from
1952 until 1955.
During the following period of two military dictatorships,
interrupted by two civilian governments, the Peronist party was outlawed and
Perón was exiled. When the left-wing Peronist Héctor José Cámpora was elected
President in 1973, Perón returned to Argentina and was soon after elected
President for a third time. His third wife, María Estela Martínez, known as
Isabel Perón, was elected as Vice President on his ticket and succeeded him as
President upon his death in 1974.
Relevance to 1954:
Protests from the Catholic Church (Peron had announced that
he intended to legalise divorce and prostitution) and unrest among armed forces
in 1954-55 led to a coup in Argentina in 1955. AS an example of military
hostility towards Peron, on 16 June 1955 there was a rally of support for Peron
but Argentine citizens on the Plaza de
Mayo. However, as he spoke before a
crowd of thousands, Navy fighter jets flew overhead and dropped bombs into the
crowded square below before seeking refuge in Uruguay. The incident, part of a
coup attempt against Perón, killed 364 people.
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Toscanini:
Arthur Toscanini (1867-1957) was an Italian conductor, one
of the most acclaimed musicians of the late 19th and of the 20th century. He was renowned for his intensity, his
perfectionism, his ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his memory. At
various times he was the music director of La Scala in Milan and the New York
Philharmonic, later in his career being appointed the first music director of
the NBC Symphony Orchestra (1937–54). This
led to his becoming a household name (especially in the United States) through
his radio and television broadcasts and many operatic and symphonic recordings.
Relevance to 1954:
On April 4, 1954, Toscanini suffered a memory lapse while
conducting a radio broadcast of the NBC Symphony at Carnegie Hall in New York.
This was the last time he conducted live in public. He retired in 1954 and died
in 1957, aged 89, the cause of death being a stroke.
By the way:
Toscanini conducted the world premieres of many operas, four
of which have become part of the standard operatic repertoire: Pagliacci, La
bohème, La fanciulla del West and Turandot.
The last one mentioned, Turandot, was unfinished at the time
of Puccini's death in 1924, and was completed by Franco Alfano in 1926. The
first performance was held at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 25 April 1926, conducted
by Toscanini. This performance included only Puccini's music and not Alfano's
additions. At the point where Puccini
left off writing the finale of the unfinished opera, the music ceased,
Toscanini said to the audience "Here Death triumphed over art" and
then left the opera pit. The lights went up and the audience left in
silence.
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Dacron:
Dacron is a trade name for an early artificial fibre made
from the same plastic as polyester.
Relevance to 1954:
Released in 1954, it was hailed as a new wonder fabric,
being advertised as a non-iron, drip dry material. It is also used for
artificial arteries to this day.
Dacron may have been seen as the wonder fibre in the 1950s,
to be revered and respected, but women weren’t seen the same way, as this
advertising shows.
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Dien Bien Phu falls:
The French were defeated in 1954 at the battle of Dien Bien
Phu, a village in Viet Nam at which the French had an airbase. This resulted in
the loss of Indo-China by the French in what is called the First Indochina War. It also resulted in the 1954 Geneva Accord
which split Viet Nam.
Dien Bien Phu was a serious defeat for the French and was
the decisive battle of the Indochina war.
Public opinion in France registered shock that a guerilla army had
defeated a major European power.
The Geneva Conference opened on 8 May 1954, the day after
the surrender of the garrison. The resulting agreement partitioned Vietnam into
two zones: communist North Vietnam and the State of Vietnam, which opposed the
agreement, to the south. The partition was supposed to be temporary, and the
two zones were meant to be reunited through national elections in 1956, which
were never held. The last French forces withdrew from Vietnam in 1956.
French:
1,571–2,293 dead
5,195–6,650 wounded
1,729 missing
11,721 captured (of which 4,436 wounded)
62 aircraft] and 10 tanks lost
167 aircraft damaged
Vietnamese:
4,020 dead
9,118 wounded
792 missing
French estimate: 8,000 dead and 15,000 wounded
Relevance to 1954:
See above
Picture taken on the 07 May 1954 showing a Vietnamese
soldier waving a flag atop a French base as others assault the area at the Dien
Bien Phu battlefield.
French troops parachute over Dien Bien Phu.
Captured French soldiers from Dien Bien Phu, escorted by
Vietnamese troops, walk to a prisoner-of-war camp
-----oOo-----
“Rock Around the Clock”:
Bill Haley and the Comets released Rock Around The Clock in
1954 to only minor success.
It reached No 1 after being released again when included in the film
The Blackboard Jungle.
It was not the first rock and roll record, nor was it the
first successful record of the genre.
Haley's recording nevertheless became an anthem for rebellious 1950s
youth and is widely considered to be the song that, more than any other,
brought rock and roll into mainstream culture around the world.
See Bill Haley and the Comets perform the number by clicking
on:
Relevance to 1954:
See above.
By the way:
The original full title of the song was "We're Gonna
Rock Around the Clock Tonight!". This was later shortened to "(We're
Gonna) Rock Around the Clock", though this form is generally only used on
releases of the 1954 Bill Haley Decca Records recording; most other recordings
of this song by Haley and others shorten this title further to "Rock
Around the Clock".
The term "Rock 'n' Roll" was a relatively new way
of describing music when this came out. A lot of early "Rock" was
based on the blues, and was far too racy for most white listeners. Many white
singers made careers out of sanitising R&B records for pop appeal, but
Haley added a country/swing element to his covers that kept a lot of the edge.
When Elvis came along, he did the same thing, transforming R&B songs like
"Hound Dog" without sucking the life out of them.
Many listeners had never heard of "rock and roll"
when this was released, so the record company had a hard time describing the
song. The label on the single called it a "Novelty Foxtrot."
This was the original opening theme song for the TV show
Happy Days. The song was re-released in 1974 to capitalise on its new
popularity, and charted at #39 in the US. In 1976 the theme was changed to "Happy Days."
Haley was never able to duplicate the massive success of
"Rock Around The Clock," but he did have a few more hits in the '50s,
including "See You Later Alligator" and "The Saints Rock 'N
Roll." Haley is a key figure in the evolution of rock music, helping transform
the sound out of country music, but he couldn't sustain his early success.
Elvis stole his thunder, and Haley recorded many substandard songs because he wanted to cut tracks owned by his publishing company. He remained somewhat
popular overseas, but lawsuits and financial problems took their toll on the
singer, and he died in 1981 at age 55.
Bill Haley and His Comets were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987.
Bill Haley and His Comets were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987.
